Dye can bind to gold nanoparticle surface with high affinity.It can also react with a number of thiol reactive functional groups such as maleimide,iodoacetate and Dithiopyridine. Reactions of thiol with above groups allows easy and quick conjugation of pyrene to proteins,antibodies and gold particles.PEG linker between Pyrene and thiol group offers better water solubility, less steric hindrance and enhanced stability.

msds----Pyrene PEG Thiol